IPQC \u2014 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong chu\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra IPQC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 sau khi r\u00e8n, sau khi gia c\u00f4ng, sau khi h\u00e0n, sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u2014 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. IPQC l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong su\u1ed1t quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPQC s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPQC s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n OQC \u2014 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong> ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (IQC) v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (IPQC) \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. OQC ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o m\u00e0 IQC v\u00e0 IPQC \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra OQC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh OQC hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh t\u1ea1, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u1eabu v\u00e2n g\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea1, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tay c\u1ea7m, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea1 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thanh t\u1ea1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 do. C\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea1, t\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 t\u1ea1 kettlebell ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n dung sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p sai s\u1ed1 \u00b13% so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho thi \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 sai s\u1ed1 \u00b110 gram ho\u1eb7c \u00b10.1% t\u00f9y theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng OQC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 dung sai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u2014 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb b\u00e1n t\u1ea5m t\u1ea1 \u201c20 kg\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb7ng 19,1 kg s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u00e3n sai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i quan th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m: l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft h\u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1edbp s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu l\u1edbp s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n), l\u1edbp s\u01a1n b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n, l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng trong v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u1ebft b\u1eafn h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong hoa v\u0103n v\u00e2n xo\u1eafn. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u2014 th\u00e0nh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n), khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn (\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3) ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf (th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd) \u2014 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xoay tr\u01a1n tru trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2ng k\u1eb9p kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00e1o ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00e2n gai cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i quan tr\u1ecdng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra OQC bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea1, t\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 t\u1ea1 kettlebell; s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o an to\u00e0n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u00e3n n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9; v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 UPC\/EAN (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra bao b\u00ec nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong bao b\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean th\u00f9ng carton b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c n\u1eb7ng \u2014 t\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f2n, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u2014 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: bao b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed1c (OEM) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra bao b\u00ec OQC n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb bao b\u00ec m\u1eabu n\u1ebfu h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea7u ra (OQC) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2014 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng g\u1ed3m 2.000 thanh t\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t trong khung th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, OQC \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khung ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong OQC l\u00e0 ISO 2859-1<\/a> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ANSI\/ASQ Z1.4<\/a>), trong \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 AQL \u2014 M\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb AQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: AQL 0,65 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n), AQL 1,0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn (li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3) v\u00e0 AQL 2,5 ho\u1eb7c 4,0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf (th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c AQL quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng 95% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng 5% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi AQL. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi AQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m 2.000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Ki\u1ec3m tra T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t II theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 2859-1 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra kho\u1ea3ng 125 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (M\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i L). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u2014 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong m\u1eabu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c AQL v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tra c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh AQL 1,0 cho c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng trong m\u1eabu 125 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 4 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a AQL gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee9c AQL ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n (s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1ea7m c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee9c AQL l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AQL ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh OQC ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, quy m\u00f4 m\u1eabu, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd (ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra OQC t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra OQC \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m: s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m tra; ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra; ti\u00eau ch\u00ed AQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n theo lo\u1ea1i); d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf); \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n; v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2014 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o OQC tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a OQC \u2014 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (OQC) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (OQC) do ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 QIMA, Bureau Veritas, SGS ho\u1eb7c Intertek \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thay m\u1eb7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (OQC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y: nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra OQC n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra OQC n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 OQC c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u2014 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Theo Khung quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a QIMA<\/a>, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 80% c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i 100% h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u2014 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Chi ph\u00ed \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 300\u2013600 USD cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra \u2014 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng (OQC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 thay v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c OEM ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u2014 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn sau khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch hay b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu \u2014 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh OQC \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu OQC c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n theo m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ISO 2859-1 hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d g\u1ee3i \u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra 100%, v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t do m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c AQL c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c AQL m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra \u2014 k\u00e8m theo tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra OQC m\u1eabu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 OQC ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d \u2014 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra (ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn). M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o OQC cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u2014 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ee9c AQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n hay ch\u01b0a. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho micromet, th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1eb9p, th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QC). C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra OQC d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u2014 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 do b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn OQC c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hay do \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n), ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng k\u00e8m theo v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 100% \u2014 m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y. Sau khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 100%, l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu AQL ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 100% th\u01b0\u1eddng do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u2014 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh \u2014 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed5 sung, ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u2014 do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed1c (OEM) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra (ISO 2859-1 ho\u1eb7c ANSI\/ASQ Z1.4), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra (m\u1ee9c II chung l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n), c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb AQL theo lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra (c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o), c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n OQC c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2014 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2014 trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra OQC d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh OQC kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alexandave duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra OQC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ed5 sung, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua Trang d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 OEM\/ODM<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n OQC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Outgoing Quality Control (Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng). Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y OEM tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. OQC x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, di\u1ec5n ra sau c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IQC (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 IPQC (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n AQL l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cM\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (Acceptable Quality Level). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. Trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (OQC), c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb AQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (ISO 2859-1 ho\u1eb7c ANSI\/ASQ Z1.4). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb AQL ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 AQL 0,65 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, AQL 1,0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u00e0 AQL 2,5 ho\u1eb7c 4,0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1eabu n\u1eb1m trong ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho AQL \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady \u2014 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra OQC c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c b\u00ean mua nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o OQC \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o OQC c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng (OQC) t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp do ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua thu\u00ea \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 QIMA, Bureau Veritas, SGS ho\u1eb7c Intertek \u2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 OQC c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (OQC) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 hai quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf l\u1eabn nhau \u2014 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra OQC c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n OQC ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 100% do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u00ed, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n OQC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh OQC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean: ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh giao h\u00e0ng; nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 thao \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng OEM, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2014 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO 9001. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9001 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QMS) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AQL, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Alexandave bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh OEM\/ODM<\/a> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea7u ra (OQC), c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 M\u1ee9c Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (AQL) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c OEM trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i Trang gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" For fitness brands and distributors sourcing products through OEM manufacturing partners, understanding what happens at the end of the production process \u2014 after manufacturing is complete but before products are packed and shipped \u2014 is one of the most important aspects of supply chain quality management. Outgoing Quality Control, universally known as OQC, is the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5541"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5661,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541\/revisions\/5661"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-27-1024x439.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nPh\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a OQC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 ghi d\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra bao b\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-28-1024x439.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nL\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo AQL: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u OQC: Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba so v\u1edbi Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (OQC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/alexandave.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-29-1024x439.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (OQC) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ed7i OQC c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u (OQC) trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng OEM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
IQC, IPQC v\u00e0 OQC: T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u<\/th> Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/th> Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th> Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/th> M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> IQC (Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o)<\/td> Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n<\/td> Th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00fac, cao su, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m chi ti\u1ebft<\/td> \u0110\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/td> Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr> IPQC (Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/td> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td> \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/td> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch trong quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i<\/td><\/tr> OQC (\u0110i)<\/td> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng<\/td> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c, bao b\u00ec<\/td> \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y; t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam thanh tra vi\u00ean b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<\/td> Ki\u1ec3m tra xem s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng; l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
OQC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
AQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra OQC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t OEM cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra OQC hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng (OQC) t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra OQC, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n